What are the different functions of the nervous system?

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Have you ever wondered how you can perform the tasks you do? What is the reason your body works effectively? How does your body work? One of our body’s main systems, the nervous system, ensures that our body performs all tasks effectively because it controls everything we do.

From the feelings we perform to the motor actions, all go through the nervous system. Our nervous system is made up of billions of tiny neurons that transmit electrical signals from the brain to all parts of the body. It is worth noting that it is the electrical signal transmission between the brain and other parts of the body that allows actions such as walking, digesting, speaking, thinking, and sleeping.

Central Nervous System

Our central nervous system constitutes our spinal cord and brain. Its common name is “the control center of the human body” because it is responsible for most body functions. Similar to computers, our brain interprets all the data collected from the environment.

The central nervous system is also involved in our brain’s thinking and emotional processes, and it also controls our body’s random movements, such as walking and talking. Unlike other systems and organs, the central nervous system uses our spinal cord as a bridge between our brains and our body to control movement and prevent ourselves from injury. If the spinal cord is injured, the central nervous system may become dysfunctional (possibly paralyzed).

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerve fibers, or axons, connect our body and brain through the spinal cord. Axon bundles form a huge network, which we call the peripheral nervous system. It is outside the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerve tissue; it bears the name “peripheral device”.

This system works in conjunction with the central nervous system. This combination occurs when the sensory receptors of the system send signals to the central nervous system after detecting changes in the external and internal environment. Likewise, the body’s control center sends signals to it to perform voluntary and/or involuntary physical responses. In addition, PNS is divided into two further subdivisions.

1. Somatic nervous system

The somatic nervous system contains efferent and afferent nerves or sensory and motor nerves. In addition, the somatic nervous system is responsible for the voluntary movement of the body through skeletal muscles.

2. Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system is mainly responsible for involuntary body tasks, such as controlling cardiovascular activities, including myocardial contraction (and expansion), blood vessel and visceral functions.

In addition, it is also responsible for our breathing function, perspiration, digestion, heart rate, sexual arousal, urination, and even pupil dilation or contraction. However, the task of breathing is often accompanied by conscious thoughts. On the contrary, the subsystems of the autonomic nervous system are responsible for the different voluntary and involuntary functions of our body.

• Parasympathetic nervous system

The responsibility of the parasympathetic nervous system is to control digestion, rest, eating, waste removal, and heart rate when our body relaxes. In stressful situations, it can be used as a remedy for the effects on the sympathetic nervous system.

• Sympathetic nervous system

You may have heard of the “fight or flight” reaction. Well, it’s time to understand that the sympathetic nervous system of our body takes on functions such as stress, excitement, anger, embarrassment, exercise and all other related emotions. It is responsible for sending signals to the brain to release adrenaline into our body. In addition, it will reduce digestion rate, increase heart rate and breathing in order to encounter this situation.

• Enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system directly regulates, maintains and controls the digestive organs and the entire digestive process of our body. Usually called the “gut brain”, the enteric nervous system in our body can operate independently without any external output.

Interesting fact-the number of neurons in our spinal cord is equal to the number of neurons in our enteric nervous system. Therefore, medical research often regards the enteric nervous system as the second brain of our body. Usually, it receives signals from the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system at the same time.

What role do neurons play in the nervous system?

The core of our nervous system is an extensive and comprehensive network of special cells called “neurons.” Neurons contain thin fiber linings, allowing them to penetrate a wide range of tissues for effective signal transmission. The fiber lining (axons) and dendrites (the broad branches of cells containing the nucleus) communicate with several other neuronal cells through electrical and/or chemical impulses.

This process is called “synapses” or “electrical synapses” and is very effective due to the glial cells in the brain ventricles. Glial cells are responsible for nourishing and protecting neuronal cells in the brain. do you know? 100 billion neurons In your brain?

Nervous system function

feel

Sensation is one of the main functions of our nervous system. It collects data from external factors and outputs certain output information about what is happening inside and outside the body. Sensation is a standard function because they record changes in homeostasis or stimulation.

First, chemicals stimulate our senses, such as taste and smell. At the same time, the sense of touch is physical and mechanical stimulation, and the sense of hearing is the stimulation of sound waves. Finally, vision is a stimulus caused by light.

In addition, our bodies perceive more sensations than above. For example, stretches or tears in organ walls or tubes may cause irritation, requiring our nervous system to send pain signals to the brain.

Integration process

When our sensory receptors receive stimuli and transmit them to our nervous system through signal transmission, the integration process takes place. In the integration process, the current stimulus data is compared with the previous data, such as the memory of the old stimulus, or even the condition of our body at a specific time. Subsequently, our nervous system forwards signals to ensure a voluntary or involuntary response to our body.

Respond to

According to the stimulus, our nervous system sends back signals to produce a response. What do you think these responses include? Obviously, holding a hot pot will produce a burning stimulus, which will make your nervous system respond and immediately withdraw from the pot. Similarly, the term “response” has many uses. However, our nervous system is able to move all three types of body muscles mentioned below:

1. the heart muscle

2. Skeletal muscles

3. Even muscle contraction

These responses belong to the voluntary (skeletal muscle) and involuntary (smooth muscle contraction) categories controlled by the body and the autonomic nervous system, respectively.

In addition, our nervous system can also regulate the chemical glands in our body. For example, the adrenal glands secrete adrenaline when they are stimulated. In addition, sweat glands produce chemicals, which secrete sweat from our skin when stimulated by stress.

Body control

Motor response belongs to the somatic nervous system. While some motor reactions (such as running away after seeing a car speeding at you or slamming a wall under pressure) are voluntary, others are not. For example, jumping panic may make you fall, but you don’t intend to be frightened, do you?

In addition, the body’s response is also internal. For example, the slight movement of an organ to function effectively is an example of an unconscious response based on sensory receptor stimulation.

in conclusion

Here is some latest news: Scientists may be able to hack your nervous system! With medical knowledge, experience and expertise, as well as modern technology, scientists are trying to crack the human nervous system. Yes, it is real! With the ability to control the nervous system, medicine and disease treatment will make impeccable progress. In addition, it will help doctors and experts understand how our body’s immune system works.

however Learn It is still in progress, and methods are being developed to help this process. In addition, when the operation and mystery behind the neuronal groups in our brain become understandable, the connection with other medical aspects of the human body may also become easy to understand.

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